The choice of appropriate route largely depends both on the drug as well as patient related factors the route of administration is determined primarily by the properties of the drug for example, water or lipid solubility, ionization and by the therapeutic objectives for example, the desirability of a rapid. Gently shake the elixir preparation to ensure the contents are thoroughly mixed. Most of the drugs can be administered by variety of routes. In this method of administration, drug is applied on to skin or other body surfaces. High molecular weight drugs in general, and peptides in particular, are usually delivered by parenteral route because they are poorly absorbed or degraded in the gastrointestinal tract. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. The choice of appropriate route largely depends both on the drug as well as patient related factors the route of administration is determined primarily by the properties of the drug for example, water or lipid solubility, ionization and by the therapeutic objectives for example, the desirability of a rapid onset of action,the. For many pscbased therapies, the target site is usually at or near the site of cell loss or injury e. When administering a drug, the nurse should ensure that the pharmaceutical preparation is appropriate for the route specified. Aerosols localtopical route of drug administration in this route the drug is applied on the skin. In this administration the drug is administered in the gaseous form.
Oral route is the most common route of drug administration. Routes of medication administration are described in the table below. Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock. Route of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Routes of administration pharmacology linkedin slideshare. Intravenous the injection of a drug directly into the patients veins is the most rapid route of administration, resulting in the most rapid onset of action. Basic pharmacokinetics sample chapter pharmaceutical press. What is the best route of drug pure chemical compound from marine isolate administration to increase the bioavailability in brain for long term 25 days treatment to rat. Rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation.
Injectable preparations are usually sterile solutions or suspensions of drug in water. Each route of administration has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Route of administration for illicit prescription opioids. The sublingual route is especially good for nitroglycerin, which is used to relieve angina, because absorption is rapid and the drug immediately enters the bloodstream without first passing through the intestinal wall and liver. This route of administration is used for drugs that are gases for example, some anesthetics or those that can be dispersed in an aerosol. Right time check the frequency of the ordered medication. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. However, most drugs cannot be taken this way because they may be absorbed incompletely or erratically. If necessary, calculate the dose and have another nurse calculate the dose as well.
The parenteral route of administration does have its disadvantages. Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file of the. Routes of drug administration to laboratory animals. Drugs which are rapidly cleared by hepatic processes will show a decreased extent of availability following oral administration due to metabolism of drug on its first pass through the liver. What does conjunctival route of administration mean. Intravenous iv, intramuscular im, and subcutaneous sc are the three most frequently used injection routes in medication administration. Mar 10, 2020 drug administration routes science topic the various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and. Drug remaining to be absorbed, or drug remaining at the site of administration. Confirm that the patient can take or receive the medication by the ordered route. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately.
Dose and frequency of administration of interferonb. The optimal choice of medication administration route regarding. Use of aseptic technique very very important intravenous iv injections fast action due to avoidance of gi absorption intradermal injected into the dermis. Drugs that are irritating in suppository form may have to be given by injection. Some drugs may be administered vaginally to women as a solution, tablet, cream, gel, suppository, or ring. Injection via the iv route isnt the only way to get a drug into your body using a syringe. The abused substance may be smoked, inhaled, partaken orally or received by a fetus through the mothers blood stream. Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. These routes include the oral route, transdermal, inhalation, and intravenous injection.
Early data on the drug delivery efficiency of the common aerosol delivery devices mdi, dpi, and nebulizer showed lung deposition of approximately 1015% of the total, nominal dose. This route is particularly effective and convenient for patients with respiratory complaints such as asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease because the drug is. Advantages of this topical route include direct, localized delivery to the target tissue, good accessibility into the intraocular environment owing to membrane permeability and large intercellular spaces, avoidance of hepatic firstpass. The nursing profession has shown an increasing interest in this route of drug. Routes of drug administration play a major role in a medical treatment. Absorption can be fast from aqueous solution but slower with depot formulations. This route is where a medicament is applied on to skin to produce its effects. Administration of a drug to the conjunctiva, the most frequently used mode of ocular drug delivery. Oral route the most common route of drug administration. Drug administration by inhalation inhalers drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. Oral route oral refers to two methods of administration. If all we knew about drugs were the portrayals we see in the popular media, we would assume that some drugs like heroin or crack cocaine are instantly addictive and can never be used in a controlled fashion by anyone, whereas other drugs. This route is often used to give estrogen to women during menopause to relieve vaginal symptoms such as dryness, soreness, and redness. Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions depend on others painful and riskycant.
Knowing what intrameans already, you can clearly understand that this route of drug administration is injecting the medication into the vein directly. A drug user may turn to injection of a drug into a persons muscle, which is known as intramuscular im. Routes of administration inhalation route preferred route because onset is rapid smaller doses are needed compared to the oral route side effects e. Route of drug administration has important implications on users health outcomes, including risk of dependence, susceptibility to infection, and experience of routespecific health complications. The common parenteral routes are intramuscular im, subcutaneous sc and. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. Start studying 8 routes of administration of drugs. R outes of drug a dministration to laboratory a nimals common routes. Selecting a right route of drug administration by a physician improves patients health. The suspension should be allowed to settle for 1 minute, then the clear solution can be drawn up and flushed down the feeding tube using a syringe. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. Routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts 8. The drug is slowly absorbed through the vaginal wall.
Parenteral mode of drug administration that avoids the git. Administration that results in substances passing into tissue spaces or into cells. Drug absorption the rate at which a drug reaches it site of action depends on. Using a sterile syringe, withdraw the desired amount of elixir solution. Intravenous usually refers to a way of giving a drug or other substance through a needle or tube inserted into a vein. The extent and time course of drug action can be markedly affected by the route of drug administration into the patient as well as the pattern of drug distribution within the patient.
What is the best route of drug administration for long term. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Routes of drug administration ppt pdf 10 routes of drug. Drug administration drugs merck manuals consumer version.
Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. What does infiltration route of administration mean. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. The oral route of administration is the safest, most economical and the most convenient way of giving medicines. Despite problems with low lung deposition with all of the early devices, evidence accumulated that supported the advantages of the inhalation route over other drug. The way by which illicit drugs can be administered or taken into the body are numerous. Purchase routes of drug administration 1st edition. Many factors determine how addictive a given substance is including the rate and route of administration. Route of administration should address three basic criteria. This route is one of the safest route as the drug cannot product poisonous effects.
Oftentimes physicians need to change the route of administration of opioid analgesics. A route of drug administration is the path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. These routes are called as routes of medication administration. Jul 17, 2015 the extent and time course of drug action can be markedly affected by the route of drug administration into the patient as well as the pattern of drug distribution within the patient. Routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Absorption involves the passage of the drug from its site of administration into the blood distribution involves the delivery of the drug to the tissues 4. Intravitreal intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the substance is delivered into the eye. Injection drug users, in particular, are at a heightened risk for hiv and hepatitis c infection 15 18, drug dependence 19 21, and. Drug administration routes science topic the various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal. Rs of safe multidisciplinary drug administration bucks new.
The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration. Route of drug administration that results in substances passing into tissue spaces or intracellularly. What is the best route of drug administration for long. To obtain a general effect, the drug is usually given by oral or parenteral route. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions. Tablets should be stirred in 10 ml of water for 2 minutes to dissolve the active drug. Advantages safe convenient self administered, pain free, noninvasive and easy to take economical compared to other parentral routes usually good absorption takes place along the whole length of the gi tract no need for sterilization. The choice of appropriate route in a given situation depends both on drug as well as patient related factors. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. Route advantages disadvantages oral most convenient usually least expensive safe, does not break. Routes of drug administration pharmacology 3571 with. Emergency or the impossibility of intake by mouth makes the parenteral route necessary.
Routes of drug administration subcutaneous sc this involves administration of the drug by injection just under the skin. To optimize therapy, it is desirable to search for nonparenteral routes of administration and to deliver the drug in a controlledrelease fashion. How to change routes of administration of opioids by audiey c. Gastrointestinal oral per os through the mouth gavage into the stomach via a tube or gavage needle rectal per rectum into the rectum via the anus npo nil per os nothing by mouth.
This route is used when a drug is needed to produce rapid or local effects on the brain, spinal cord, or the layers of tissue covering them meningesfor example, to treat infections of these structures. The food and drug administration receives more than 100,000 reports of medication errors annually through its medwatch program. Parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Routes of drug administration to laboratory animals authorstream. Kao, md, phd pain management is a critical competency in medicine especially when palliation, and not treating the underlying disease, is the physicians focus. You might have mostly got tablets to consume but at times even syrups, ointments and even injections are given. Administering a drug through the iv route involves the introduction of a drug solution through a needle, directly into a vein. That is the drug acts only at the site of application and. Route advantages disadvantages oral most convenient usually least expensive. Early data on the drugdelivery efficiency of the common aerosol delivery devices mdi, dpi, and nebulizer showed lung deposition of approximately 1015% of the total, nominal dose. Routes of drug administration ppt pdf 10 routes of drug administration. Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration.
Given by injection into a vein intravenously, iv, into a muscle. Route of administration shall consist of an alphabetic term which has a maximum length shall be restricted to 60 characters, with the hyphen and virgule being only punctuation permissible. Most drugs can be administered by a variety of routes. The drug is injected into the subcutaneous tissues of the thigh, abdomen and arm, e.
Addiction, route of administration, and rate of administration. Right route again, check the appropriateness of the route ordered. Jun 10, 2015 most of the drugs can be administered by variety of routes. Most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. Routes of medication administration when giving medications by mouth such as pills or liquids, there are some basic things to remember.